摘要

约瑟夫·馬洛德·威廉·透納：​Rain, Steam and Speed – The Great Western Railway
作家	约瑟夫·馬洛德·威廉·透納  (1775–1851)      別名 J. M. W. Turner 描述 英國畫家和版畫家 出生/逝世日期 約1775年4月23日  1851年12月19日  出生/逝世地點 倫敦 Chelsea 創作地點 倫敦, Britain, 義大利, 德國, 瑞士 權威檔案 : Q159758 VIAF: 100900492 ISNI: 0000000121454990 ULAN: 500026846 Open Library: OL5252296A DBNL: turn007 WorldCat artist QS:P170,Q159758
標題	Rain, Steam and Speed - The Great Western Railway; the painting depicts an early locomotive of the Great Western Railway crossing the River Thames on Brunel's recently completed Maidenhead Railway Bridge.The painting is also credited for allowing a glimpse of the Romantic strife within Turner and his contemporaries over the issue of the technological advancement during the Industrial Revolution (see below).
物體類型	畫作
日期	1844年 date QS:P571,+1844-00-00T00:00:00Z/9
表現方法	布面油畫 medium QS:P186,Q296955;P186,Q12321255,P518,Q861259
尺寸	高度：​91公分；​寬度：​121.8公分 dimensions QS:P2048,91U174728 dimensions QS:P2049,121.8U174728
藏於	國家美術館    原名 National Gallery 父機構 Board of Trustees of the National Gallery  地址 倫敦 坐標 51° 30′ 32″ 北, 0° 07′ 42″ 西   成立 1824年  網站 nationalgallery.org.uk 權威檔案 : Q180788 VIAF: 144868906 ISNI: 0000000406058908 ULAN: 500125190 Open Library: OL121572A LCCN: n80081622 WorldCat institution QS:P195,Q180788
目前所在位置	room 34
登錄號	NG538
取得方式/備註	Turner Bequest, 1856
參考文獻	http://www.nationalgallery.org.uk/paintings/joseph-mallord-william-turner-rain-steam-and-speed-the-great-western-railway  https://www.wga.hu/html/t/turner/2/205turne.html Art UK artwork ID：​rain-steam-and-speed-the-great-western-railway-115073
來源/攝影者	http://www.artrenewal.org/pages/artwork.php?artworkid=14508&size=huge
其他版本	圖片  帶相框圖像

Social Commentary

Turner was a well traveled man, frequently trekking to natural wonders of mainland Europe and the British Isles to sketch them in one of his dozens of notepads. He knew of the pains one must take to travel off the beaten path and wrote of one such occasion, traveling from Rome to Paris, to a friend in 1829:

“…we never could keep warm or make our day’s distance good, the places we put up at proved all bad till Firenzola being even the worst for the down diligence people had devoured everything eatable (Beds none)…crossed Mont Cenis on a sledge – bivouaced in the snow with fire lighted for 3 Hours on Mont Tarate while the diligence was righted and dug out, for a Bank of Snow saved it from upsetting – and in the walk up to our knees in new fallen drift to get assistance to dig a channel thro’ it for the coach, so that from Foligno to within 20 miles of Paris I never saw the road but snow!”1

Fifteen years later, Turner’s 1844 masterpiece, Rain, Steam and Speed: The Great Western Railway, in a way recognizes his thrill in the speed of the new coal train and his appreciation for such technology when traveling. Yet, he subtly recognizes the progressive threat that humans pose towards the cradle of the earth.

The title follows the Turner pattern of 'nature first' in his titles, but at once you see what looks like a monstrous kiln underneath the rail bridge, and flames engulfing the ecstatic figures on the far side of the river. On top of the bridge you see the face of a demon with the body of a coal burning centipede, which itself looks like a line of glowing embers. Ahead of the train it is hard to spot the tiny hare at full sprint, trying to stay ahead of the state-of-the-art technology of the mid-1800’s. What is so interesting about this piece, Olivier Meslay points out in his book JMW Turner: The Man Who Set Painting on Fire, is that “the notion of the sublime was no longer confined to natural phenomena, but incarnated in machines created by humanity with god-like aspirations, whose new power it served to magnify” and begs to question; what should we fear more, the awe of the wild, or the annihilation of it?2

1. Meslay, Olivier. JMW Turner: The Man Who Set Painting On Fire. London: Thames & Hudson Ltd, 2005. Pg 133

2. Ibid. Pg 107

授權條款

此為如實地拍攝平面藝術品的相片複製本。原作位於公有領域，是因下列原因： Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse 本作品在其來源國以及其他著作權期限是作者逝世後100年或以下的國家與地區屬於公有領域。 你必須增加美國公有領域標籤顯示為何這個作品在美國屬於公有領域。 此作品無已知的著作權限制，亦不受所有相關和鄰接的權利限制。 https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/PDMCreative Commons Public Domain Mark 1.0falsefalse 維基媒體基金會的官方立場認為：「針對平面公有領域的藝術作品進行忠實重製，其重製後的照片也屬於公有領域。」 因此，可認定本重製照片屬於公有領域。在其他司法管轄區，再利用此照片可能會被限制；參見再利用PD-Art照片以獲得進一步資訊。

此為如實地拍攝平面藝術品的相片複製本。原作位於公有領域，是因下列原因： Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse 這個作品在美利堅合眾國屬於公有領域，因為它首次發布早於1929年1月1日，或於該日期之前在美國著作權局登記。 公有領域作品必須在美國以及來源國沒有版權問題，才能上傳至維基共享資源。如果此作品不是美國作品，這個文件必須要有一個額外的版權標記顯示此文件在來源國的版權狀態。 注意：此標籤不應用於錄音作品。PD-1923美國公有領域//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Rain_Steam_and_Speed_the_Great_Western_Railway.jpg 維基媒體基金會的官方立場認為：「針對平面公有領域的藝術作品進行忠實重製，其重製後的照片也屬於公有領域。」 因此，可認定本重製照片屬於公有領域。在其他司法管轄區，再利用此照片可能會被限制；參見再利用PD-Art照片以獲得進一步資訊。