一九八四

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一九八四

寫給未來或寫給過去，寫給一個思想自由的時代，寫給一個人人各異又不孤獨為繼的時代——寫給一個真相常在又既事遂畢的時代：來自同化無異的年代，來自荒僻獨居的年代，來自老大哥的年代，來自雙重思想的年代——敬禮！

一九八四（英語：Nineteen Eighty-Four）是英國著名作家奧威爾創作的一部政治諷刺小說。在這篇作品中，奧威爾深刻分析了打著社會主義旗號的極權主義社會，並且刻劃了一個令人感到窒息和恐怖的，以追逐權力為最終目標的社會，通過對這個社會中一個普通人生活的細緻刻畫，投射出了現實生活中極權主義的本質。

第一部

第一章

兩分鐘仇恨之所以可怕，不是你必須參加表演，而是要避不參加是不可能的。不出三十秒鐘，一切矜持都沒有必要了。一種夾雜著恐懼和報復情緒的快意，一種要殺人、虐待、用大鐵錘痛打別人臉孔的欲望，似乎象一股電流一般穿過了這一群人，甚至使你違反本意地變成一個惡聲叫喊的瘋子。

• 四月間，天氣寒冷晴朗，鐘敲了十三下。

  It was a bright cold day in April, and the clocks were striking thirteen.

• 老大哥在看著你。

  BIG BROTHER IS WATCHING YOU

• 打倒老大哥

  DOWN WITH BIG BROTHER

• 真理部關注新聞、娛樂、教育和美術；和平部關注戰爭；愛部維護法律和秩序；還有富部負責經濟事務。它們在新語裡叫，至真、至和、至愛和至富。

  The Ministry of Truth, which concerned itself with news, entertainment, education and the fine arts. The Ministry of Peace, which concerned itself with war. The Ministry of Love, which maintained law and order. And the Ministry of Plenty, which was responsible for economic affairs. Their names, in Newspeak: Minitrue, Minipax, Miniluv, and Miniplenty.

• 兩分鐘仇恨之所以可怕，並不是你必須到場參加，而是你會不可避免地被氛圍所感染。不出三十秒鐘，一切矜持都沒有必要了。一種夾雜著恐懼和報復情緒的快意，一種要殺人、虐待、用大鐵錘痛打別人臉孔的欲望，似乎象一股電流一般穿過了這一群人，甚至使你違反本意地變成一個惡聲叫喊的瘋子。然而，你所感到的那種狂熱情緒是一種抽象的、無目的的感情，好象噴燈的火焰一般，可以從一個對象轉到另一個對象。

  The horrible thing about the Two Minutes Hate was not that one was obliged to act a part, but that it was impossible to avoid joining in. Within thirty seconds any pretence was always unnecessary. A hideous ecstasy of fear and vindictiveness, a desire to kill, to torture, to smash faces in with a sledge hammer, seemed to flow through the whole group of people like an electric current, turning one even against one's will into a grimacing, screaming lunatic. And yet the rage that one felt was an abstract, undirected emotion which could be switched from one object to another like the flame of a blowlamp.

• 從溫斯頓站著的地方，正好可以看到黨的三句口號，這是用很漂亮的字體寫在白色的牆面上的：
  戰爭即和平
  自由即奴役
  無知即力量

  Then the face of Big Brother faded away again and instead the three slogans of the Party stood out in bold capitals:
            WAR IS PEACE
      FREEDOM IS SLAVERY
  IGNORANCE IS STRENGTH

• 不論他是寫打倒老大哥，還是他沒有寫，並沒有什麼不同。不論他是繼續寫日記，還是他沒有繼續寫，也沒有什麼不同。思想警察還是會逮到他的。他已經犯了——即使他沒有用筆寫在紙上，也還是犯了的——包含一切其他罪行的根本大罪。這明做思想罪。思想罪可不是能長期隱匿的。

  Whether he went on with the diary, or whether he did not go on with it, made no difference. The Thought Police would get him just the same. He had committed— would still have committed, even if he had never set pen to paper— the essential crime that contained all others in itself. Thoughtcrime, they called it. Thoughtcrime was not a thing that could be concealed forever.

第二章

除了你腦殼裡的幾個立方厘米以外，沒有東西是屬於你自己的。

• 寫給未來或寫給過去，寫給一個思想自由的時代，寫給一個人人各異又不孤獨為繼的時代——寫給一個真相常在、既往也不能被抹殺的時代：來自同化無異的年代，來自荒僻獨居的年代，來自老大哥的年代，來自雙重思考的年代——敬禮！

  To the future or to the past, to a time when thought is free, when men are different from one another and do not live alone — to a time when truth exists and what is done cannot be undone: From the age of uniformity, from the age of solitude, from the age of Big Brother, from the age of doublethink — greetings!

• 除了你腦殼裡的幾個立方厘米以外，沒有東西是屬於你自己的。

  Nothing was your own except the few cubic centimetres inside your skull.

• 思想罪不會帶來死亡，思想罪本身就是死亡。

  Thoughtcrime does not entail death, thoughtcrime IS death.

第三章

• 他認為，悲劇是屬於古代的事。
  • Tragedy, he perceived, belonged to the ancient time.
• 如果別人都相信黨說的謊話——如果所有記錄都這麼說——那麼這個謊言就載入歷史而成為真理。
  • And if all others accepted the lie which the Party imposed -if all records told the same tale — then the lie passed into history and became truth.
• 誰控制過去就控制未來，誰控制現在就控制過去。
  • Who controls the past controls the future. Who controls the present controls the past.

第四章

• Doubleplusungood （雙加不好）

第七章

如果有希望的話，希望在無產者身上。

• 如果有希望的話，希望在無產者身上。
  • If there is hope... it lies in the proles.
• 所謂自由就是可以說二加二等於四的自由。承認這一點，其他一切就迎刃而解。
  • Freedom is the freedom to say that two plus two make four. If that is granted, all else follows.
• 他心中尋思，他自已是不是個瘋子，這，他已想過好幾次了。也許所謂瘋子就是個人少數派。
  • He wondered, as he had many times wondered before, whether he himself was a lunatic. Perhaps a lunatic was simply a minority of one.

第二部

第五章

• 每天落在倫敦的火箭可能是大洋國政府自己發射的，「目的只是為了要嚇唬人民」。
  • The rocket bombs which fell daily on London were probably fired by the Government of Oceania itself, "just to keep people frightened."
• 「你只是一個腰部以下的叛逆者，」他對她說。
  • "You're only a rebel from the waist downwards," he told her.

第七章

• 「我不是說招供。招供不是出賣。無論你說的或做的是什麼都無所謂。有所謂的是感情。如果他們能使我不再愛你——那才是真正的出賣。」
  她想了一會兒。「這他們做不到，」她最後說。「這是他們唯一做不到的事。不論他們可以使你說些什麼話，但是他們不能使你相信這些話。他們不能鑽到你肚子裡去。」
  「不能，」他比較有點希望地說，「不能；這話不錯。他們不能鑽到你肚子裡去。如果你感到保持人性是值得的，即使這不能有任何結果，你也已經打敗了他們。」
  • "Confession is not betrayal. What you say or do doesn't matter: only feelings matter. If they could make me stop loving you—that would be the real betrayal."
    She thought it over. "They can't do that," she said finally. "It's the one thing they can't do. They can't make you believe it. They can't get inside you."
    "No," he said a little more hopefully, "no; that's quite true. They can't get inside you. If you can feel that staying human is worth while, even when it can't have any result whatever, you've beaten them."

第九章

歷代的統治者都想要他們的人民對客觀世界接受一種不符實際的看法。

• 過去所有的科學成就，其基礎就是根據經驗的思維方法，但是違反英社的最根本原則。
  • The empirical method of thought, on which all the scientific achievements of the past were founded, is opposed to the most fundamental principles of Ingsoc.
• 有真理，就有非真理，如果你堅持真理；哪怕全世界都不同意你，你也沒有發瘋。
  • There was truth and there was untruth, and if you clung to the truth even against the whole world, you were not mad.
• 這本書使他神往，或者更確切地說，使他感到安心。應該說，它並沒有告訴他什麼新的東西，但這卻是吸引他的一部分原因。它說出了他要說的話，如果他能夠把他的零碎思想整理出來的話，他也會這麼說的。寫這本書的人的頭腦同他的頭腦一樣，只是比他要有力得多，系統得多，無畏得多。他覺得，最好的書，是把你已經知道的東西告訴你的書。
  • The book fascinated him, or more exactly it reassured him. In a sense it told him nothing that was new, but that was part of the attraction. It said what he would have said, if it had been possible for him to set his scattered thoughts in order. It was the product of a mind similar to his own, but enormously more powerful, more systematic, less fear-ridden. The best books, he perceived, are those that tell you what you know already.
• 歷代的統治者都想要他們的人民對客觀世界接受一種不符實際的看法。
  • All rulers in all ages have tried to impose a false view of the world upon their followers.
• 戰爭是保持神志清醒的可靠保障，就統治階級而言，這也許是所有保障中最重要的保障。戰爭雖有勝負，但任何統治階級都不能完全亂來。
  • War was a sure safeguard of sanity, and so far as the ruling classes were concerned it was probably the most important of all safeguards. While wars could be won or lost, no ruling class could be completely irresponsible.
• 統治的秘訣就在於把相信自己一貫正確同從過去的錯誤汲取教訓的能力結合起來。
  • For the secret of rulership is to combine a belief in one's own infallibility with the power to learn from past mistakes.
• 神志清醒不是統計數字所能表達的。
  • Sanity is not statistical.
• 和平部負責戰爭，真理部負責造謠，友愛部負責拷打，富裕部負責挨餓。
  • The Ministry of Peace concerns itself with war, the Ministry of Truth with lies, the Ministry of Love with torture, and the Ministry of Plenty with starvation.

第三部

第二章

• 我告訴你，溫斯頓，現實不是外在的。現實存在於人的頭腦中，不存在於任何其他地方。而且不存在於個人的頭腦中，因為個人的頭腦可能犯錯誤，而且反正很快就要死亡；現實只存在於黨的頭腦中，而黨的頭腦是集體的，不朽的。不論什麼東西，黨認為是真理就是真理。除了通過黨的眼睛，是沒有辦法看到現實的。
  • I tell you Winston, that reality is not external. Reality exists in the human mind, and nowhere else. Not in the individual mind, which can make mistakes, and in any case soon perishes: only in the mind of the party, which is collective and immortal. Whatever the party holds to be truth, is truth. It is impossible to see reality except by looking through the eyes of the Party.
• 「我怎麼能不看到眼前的東西呢？二加二等於四呀。」
  「有時候是四，溫斯頓。但有時候是五。有時候是三。有時候全是。你得再努力一些。要神志健全，不是容易的事。」
  • "How can I help seeing what is in front of my eyes? Two and two are four."
    "Sometimes, Winston. Sometimes they are five. Sometimes they are three. Sometimes they are all of them at once. You must try harder. It is not easy to become sane."
• 我們並不因為異端分子抗拒我們才毀滅他；只要他抗拒一天，我們就不毀滅他。我們要改造他，爭取他的內心，使他脫胎換骨。我們要把他的一切邪念和幻覺都統統燒掉；我們要把他爭取到我們這一邊來，不僅僅是在外表上，而且是在內心裡真心誠意站到我們這一邊來。我們在殺死他之前也要把他改造成為我們的人。[...]但是我們卻要在粉碎那個腦殼之前把那腦袋改造完美。
  • We do not destroy the heretic because he resists us: so long as he resists us we never destroy him. We convert him, we capture his inner mind, we reshape him. We burn all evil and all illusion out of him; we bring him over to our side, not in appearance, but genuinely, heart and soul. We make him one of ourselves before we kill him. [...] we make the brain perfect before we blow it out.
• 以前的專制暴政的告誡是『你幹不得』。集權主義的告誡是『你得幹』。我們則是『你是』。
  • The command of the old despotisms was Thou shalt not. The command of the totalitarians was Thou shalt. Our command is Thou art.
• 你不再可能有正常人的感情。你心裡什麼都成了死灰。你不再可能有愛情、友誼、生活的樂趣、歡笑、好奇、勇氣、正直。你是空無所有。我們要把你擠空，然後再把我們自己填充你。
  • Never again will you be capable of ordinary human feeling. Everything will be dead inside you. Never again will you be capable of love, or friendship, or joy of living, or laughter, or curiosity, or courage, or integrity. You will be hollow. We shall squeeze you empty and then we shall fill you with ourselves.

第三章

• 黨要當權完全是為了它自己。我們對別人的好處並沒有興趣。我們只對權力有興趣。不論財富、奢侈、長壽或者幸福，我們都沒有興趣，只對權力，純粹的權力有興趣。純粹的權力是什麼意思，你馬上就會知道。我們與以往的所有寡頭政體都不同，那是在於我們知道自己在幹什麼。所有其他寡頭政治家，即使那些同我們相象的人，也都是些懦夫和偽君子。
  • The Party seeks power entirely for its own sake. We are not interested in the good of others; we are interested solely in power. Not wealth or luxury or long life or happiness: only power, pure power. What pure power means you will understand presently. We are different from all the oligarchies of the past, in that we know what we are doing. All the others, even those who resembled ourselves, were cowards and hypocrites.
• 我們很明白，沒有人會為了廢除權力而奪取權力。權力不是手段，權力是目的。建立專政不是為了保衛革命；反過來進行革命是為了建立專政。迫害的目的是迫害。拷打的目的是拷打。權力的目的是權力。
  • We know that no one ever seizes power with the intention of relinquishing it. Power is not a means; it is an end. One does not establish a dictatorship in order to safeguard a revolution; one makes the revolution in order to establish the dictatorship. The object of persecution is persecution. The object of torture is torture. The object of power is power.

• 他也感覺到了，母親對他的愛，連同他視母親之死為慘劇的認知，落入了一個已經過去的時代。當時，「愛」與「慘劇」之類的詞還有一點真正的意義，正如人類個體尚存一點真正的尊嚴。
  • He also felt that his mother's love for him and his awareness of her death as a tragedy belonged to a bygone age when words like love and tragedy had some real meaning just as human individuals possessed some real dignity.

• 古代的各種文明都話自己是建築在博愛和正義之上的。我們的文明則建築在仇恨上。在我們的世界裡，除了恐懼、狂怒、得意、自貶以外，沒有別的感情。其他一切都要摧毀。
  • The old civilizations claimed that they were founded on love or justice. Ours is founded upon hatred. In our world there will be no emotions except fear, rage, triumph, and self-abasement. Everything else we shall destroy— everything.

• 我們要消滅掉性的快感。我們的神經病學家正在研究這個問題。除了對黨忠誠以外，沒有其他忠誠。除了愛老大哥以外，沒有其他的愛。除了因打敗敵人而笑以外，沒有其他的笑。不再有藝術，不再有文學，不再有科學。
  • We shall abolish the orgasm. Our neurologists are at work upon it now. There will be no loyalty, except loyalty towards the Party. There will be no love, except the love of Big Brother. There will be no laughter, except the laugh of triumph over a defeated enemy. There will be no art, no literature, no science.

• 不再有好奇心，不再有生命過程的應用。一切其他樂趣都要消滅掉。但是，溫斯頓，請你不要忘了，對於權力的沉醉，卻永遠存在，而且不斷地增長，不斷地越來越細膩。每時每刻，永遠有勝利的歡悅，踐踏束手待斃的敵人的快澸。
  如果你要設想一幅未來的圖景，就想像一隻腳踩在一張人臉上好了——永遠如此。
  • There will be no curiosity, no enjoyment of the process of life. All competing pleasures will be destroyed. But always— do not forget this, Winston— always there will be the intoxication of power, constantly increasing and constantly growing subtler. Always, at every moment, there will be the thrill of victory, the sensation of trampling on an enemy who is helpless.
    If you want a picture of the future, imagine a boot stamping on a human face— forever.

• 如果你是人，溫斯頓，那你就是最後一個人了。你那種人已經絕跡；我們是後來的新人。你不明白你是孤家寡人？你處在歷史之外，你不存在。
  • If you are a man, Winston, you are the last man. Your kind is extinct; we are the inheritors. Do you understand that you are alone? You are outside history, you are non-existent.

第四章

• 到死還在恨他們，那就是自由。
  • To die hating them, that was freedom.

第五章

• 「你有一次問我，」奧勃良說，「101號房裡有什麼。我告訴你，你早已知道了答案。人人都知道這個答案。101號房裡的東西是世界上最可怕的東西。」
  • "You asked me once," said O'Brien, "what was in Room 101. I told you that you knew the answer already. Everyone knows it. The thing that is in Room 101 is the worst thing in the world."

第六章

• 她說過，「他們不能鑽到你體內去。」但是他們能夠。奧勃良說過，「你在這裡碰到的事情是 永遠不滅的。」這話不錯。有些事情，你自己的行為，是無法挽回的。你的心胸里有什麼東西已經給掐死了，燒死了，腐蝕掉了。
  • "They can't get inside you," she had said. But they could get inside you. "What happens to you here is forever," O'Brien had said. That was a true word. There were things, your own acts, from which you could never recover. Something was killed in your breast: burnt out, cauterized out.

• 在茂密的栗子樹下，我出賣了你，你也出賣了我。他們躺在那兒，我們躺在這兒，在茂密的栗子樹下。
  • Under the spreading chestnut tree
    I sold you and you sold me.
    There lie they, and here lie we
    Under the spreading chestnut tree.

• 所有的一切都解決了，所有的鬥爭也都過去了。溫斯頓已經戰勝了自己，他愛老大哥了。
  • But it was all right, everything was all right, the struggle was finished. He had won the victory over himself. He loved Big Brother.

附錄

• 新話的目的不僅是為英社的信徒提供表達適當的世界觀和思維習慣的手段，還要讓所有其他的思維模式都不可能存在。
  • The purpose of Newspeak was not only to provide a medium of expression for the world-view and mental habits proper to the devotees of Ingsoc, but to make all other modes of thought impossible.

參見

• 《動物莊園》
• 《我們》、《美麗新世界》：與《一九八四》同為反烏托邦小說代表作

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