反民族主义
反民族主义一般是指对民族主义持批评态度的思想，出发点来自对民族主义的缺点的反思，逆向民族主义、国际主义、外族中心主义等都可能与反民族主义的思想有重合。
语录
[编辑]- A patriot must always be ready to defend his country against his government.
- 一个爱国者总是时刻准备反对政府、捍卫国家。
- 爱德华·艾比（Edward Abbey）
- It is the patriotic duty of every man to lie for his country.
- 为他的国家说谎是每一个爱国者的职责。
- 阿尔弗雷德·阿德勒（Alfred Adler）
- 爱国主义：名词，一堆随时可以被任何野心家所点燃，去照亮他的名字的易燃垃圾。在詹森博士著名的字典中，爱国主义被定义为无赖最后的避难所。带著对这位开明但有缺陷的词典编纂家应有的敬意，我斗胆认为爱国主义应该是无赖的第一个避难所。
- Patriotism, n. Combustible rubbish ready to the torch of any one ambitious to illuminate his name. In Dr. Johnson's famous dictionary patriotism is defined as the last resort of a scoundrel. With all due respect to an enlightened but inferior lexicographer I beg to submit it is the first.
- 安布罗斯·比尔斯（Ambrose Bierce）
- To make us love our country, our country ought to be lovely.
- 要让我们爱我们的国家，我们的国家应该可爱才行。
- 埃德蒙·伯克（Edmund Burke）
- The love of one's country is a splendid thing, but why should love stop at the border?
- 对一个人的国家的爱是美好的事情，但为什么爱要止于国界？
- 巴勃罗·卡萨尔斯（Pablo Casals）
- I realize that patriotism is not enough. I must have no hatred or bitterness towards anyone.
- 我认识到，爱国主义是不够的，我还必须不对任何人心怀仇恨与抱怨。
- 艾迪斯·卡维尔（Edith Cavell）
- Nationalism is a Western bourgeois-capitalist phenomenon. It appears in Europe as the rejection of the medieval way of life - religion, a single European church, the Empire, the class organization of society. European nationalism is the same artificial and instrumental construction as other versions of Western ideologies. This is not an alternative to capitalist modernity, this is its direct product.
- Of course, liberalism more fully corresponds to the capitalist system and was originally conceived as globalism, that is, as the spread of the norms and attitudes of the bourgeois system to all mankind. This, incidentally, was well understood by the Marxists. Nationalism, on the other hand, was an intermediate stage when it was necessary to destroy the pan-European institutions of the Middle Ages - Catholicism, the Empire, the class organization of society, and offer something in return for the temporary preservation of the state, already captured by the bourgeois oligarchy. Not surprisingly, nationalism first appeared in Protestant countries, where, starting from Holland and England, we see all three main signs of emerging capitalism (anti-Church, anti-Empire, anti-hierarchy) -renunciation of Rome, fierce opposition to the Habsburgs and the transfer of initiative in the economy and politics from the aristocracy and the priesthood to the class of urban merchants.
- It was the bourgeois anti-traditional - anti-Catholic, anti-estate and anti-imperial - circles of European societies that became the main carriers of nationalism.
- ...
- In any case, nationalism is something purely modern, Western and capitalist.
- 民族主义是一种西方资产阶级—资本主义现象。它在欧洲的出现是对中世纪生活方式的否定——宗教、单一的欧洲教会、帝国、以及社会的等级组织。欧洲民族主义与其他西方意识形态的版本一样，都是一种人为的、工具性的构建。它不是资本主义现代性的替代品，而是其直接产物。
- 当然，自由主义与资本主义体系更加契合，最初也被设计为全球主义，即将资产阶级制度的规范和态度扩展到全人类。这一点马克思主义者也非常清楚。而民族主义则是一个过渡阶段，当时有必要摧毁中世纪的泛欧洲机构——天主教、帝国、社会的等级组织，并提供一些替代方案，暂时维持资产阶级寡头早所掌控国家的存在。不出所料，民族主义首先出现在新教国家，从荷兰和英国开始，我们看到三大资本主义兴起的主要特征（反教会、反帝国、反等级）——拒绝罗马，激烈反对哈布斯堡王朝，并将经济和政治的主导权从贵族和神职人员转移到城市商人阶级。
- 正是欧洲社会中那些资产阶级反传统——反天主教、反等级和反帝国的群体，成为了民族主义的主要载体。
- ……
- 无论如何，民族主义是纯粹现代、西方和资本主义的。
- 亚历山大·杜金（Алекса́ндр Ду́гин）
- Nationalism is an infantile disease. It is the measles of mankind.
- 民族主义是一种幼稚病，是人类的麻疯病。
- 阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦（Albert Einstein）
- True patriotism doesn't exclude an understanding of the patriotism of others.
- 真正的爱国主义不排斥对于其他人的爱国主义的理解。
- 伊丽莎白二世（Queen Elizabeth II）
- Bu süreçte kimse bizim karşımıza Kürtlükle de Türklükle de çıkmasın. Biz her türlü milliyetçiliği, ayaklarının altına almış bir iktidarız.
- 在这一过程中，任何人都不应以库尔德人或土耳其人的身份与我们对抗。我们是一个将各种民族主义踩在脚下的政权。
- 雷杰普·塔伊普·埃尔多安（Recep Tayyip Erdoğan）
- The citizen who criticizes his country is paying it an implied tribute.
- 批评他的国家的公民是在含蓄地为国家作贡献。
- J·威廉·傅尔布莱特（J. William Fulbright）
- Nationalism is our form of incest, is our idolatry, is our insanity. "Patriotism" is its cult. It should hardly be necessary to say, that by "patriotism" I mean that attitude which puts the own nation above humanity, above the principles of truth and justice; not the loving interest in one's own nation, which is the concern with the nation's spiritual as much as with its material welfare -- never with its power over other nations. Just as love for one individual which excludes the love for others is not love, love for one's country which is not part of one's love for humanity is not love, but idolatrous worship.
- 民族主义是一种乱伦、是偶像崇拜，是疯狂。爱国主义则是这邪教的敬拜仪式。这应该不必讲，爱国主义——我是说崇尚自己国家的人道精神，崇尚国家的真理和正义的纪律，而非盲目地爱著自己的国家，也就是有关这个国家的精神以及实质的社会福祉，绝非国家对其他国家的霸权。就像对一个人的爱意中包含著对别人的爱并不是爱，对国家的爱中不包含对人性的爱也不是爱，只是偶像崇拜。
- 埃里希·弗罗姆（Erich Fromm）
- Patriotism is the last refuge of a scoundrel.
- 爱国主义是无赖最后的避难所。
- 山缪·詹森（Samuel Johnson）
- Nationalism is an ideology which appeared in the West in the 18th century and was aimed at the replacement of empires by nation-states. The West used this new ideology as a violent poison to destroy the Ecumenical Ottoman Empire and beak it down into nation-states. It started in 1821 with the creation of Greece and ended in 1923 with the creation of Turkey. This Western imperialistic policy is known to historians as the Eastern Question. The Eastern Question is an exact repetition of the Western imperialistic policy against the Ecumenical Empire of Byzantium, from 1081 to 1204， the ancestor of the Ottoman Empire. As at the time nationalism did not exist, the West used religion to dismantle the Empire, i.e. the Roman Catholic Crusades against Islam and Christian Orthodoxy. The Fourth Crusade, in 1204, succeeded in dismantling the Byzantine Empire by destroying Constantinople and creating numerous independent states instead. Fortunately, with the help of the Byzantines, the Empire was reconstituted under the wise rule of the Fatih and the Ottomans in 1453.
- 民族主义是19世纪在西方出现的一种意识形态，旨在用民族国家取代帝国。西方使用这种新意识形态作为一种剧烈的毒药来摧毁普世奥斯曼帝国并将其分裂成民族国家。它始于1821年希腊的创建，以1923年土耳其的创建结束。西方这种帝国主义政策被称为“东方问题”。东方问题正是西方对拜占庭帝国的帝国主义政策的确切重复，从1081年到1204年，这是奥斯曼帝国的前身。由于当时民族主义尚未存在，西方利用宗教来解体帝国，即针对伊斯兰教和基督教东正教的罗马天主教十字军东征。1204年的第四次十字军东征成功地通过摧毁君士坦丁堡并取而代之创建了许多独立国家来解体拜占庭帝国。幸运的是，在拜占庭人的帮助下，帝国在1453年在法蒂赫和奥斯曼人的英明统治下得以重建。
- 德米特里·克兹科斯（Dimitri Kitsikis）
- Every country's nationals have to pay for their ruler, because they are held accountable to a considerable extent.
- 任何国家的国民都要为他们的统治者付出代价，因为那在相当程度上都是他们自己造成的。
- 伯纳德·蒙哥马利（Bernard Montgomery）
- Patriotism is the willingness to kill and be killed for trivial reasons.
- 爱国主义就是积极地为了微不足道的原因杀人并被杀。
- 伯特兰·罗素（Bertrand Russell）
- Patriotism is a pernicious, psychopathic form of idiocy.
- 爱国主义是一种有害的、精神错乱的白痴形式。
- 乔治·伯纳德·萧（George Bernard Shaw）
- Patriotism is your conviction that this country is superior to all other countries because you were born in it.
- 爱国主义就是你确信：这个国家比所有其他的国家都要出色，只因为你生于斯。
- 乔治·伯纳德·萧（George Bernard Shaw）
- You will never have a quiet world until you knock the patriotism out of the human race.
- 除非你把爱国主义从人类中驱逐出去，你将永远不会拥有一个宁静的世界。
- 乔治·伯纳德·萧（George Bernard Shaw）
- The world before nationalism and democracy was a world of mild wars, small and effective governments, personal freedom, and civilized high culture… Note that, before the coming of nationalist democracy, it was actually not a problem at all for wealthy, high-IQ people to live in the same society as poor, low-IQ people. It worked just fine. The latter served the former.
- 在民族主义和民主尚未兴起之前，那是一个战争较少、政府小而高效、个人自由和高度文明文化盛行的世界……请注意，在民族主义民主兴起之前，对于富有的、高智商的人群与贫穷的、低智商的人群生活在同一个社会中，这并不是一个问题。这种社会结构运作得相当顺畅。后者为前者服务。
- 柯蒂斯·雅文（Curtis Yarvin）
- A slave aware of his servitude and devoted to struggle is a hero, true man, and revolutionist.
- A slave ignorant of his servitude and living silently and submissively is an utter slave.
- A slave ignorant of his servitude and happy to admire his servitude is a flunky, accomplice, and shameless person.
- 意识到自己的奴隶地位而奋起作斗争的奴隶，是英雄、是好汉、是革命家；
- 未意识到自己的奴隶地位而默默无闻、昏昏噩噩生活著的奴隶，是十足的奴隶；
- 意识到自己的奴隶地位却又津津乐道地赞美这种地位的奴隶，是奴才、是帮凶、是无耻之徒！
- 俄语谚语
- 现在有人对你们说：“牺牲你们个人的自由，去求国家的自由！”我对你们说：“争取个人的自由，就是争取国家的自由；争取个人的人格，就是争取国家的国格！自由平等的国家不是一群奴才建造得起来的！”
- 胡适
- 除非面对外族入侵带来的主权领土的危机，否则的话，我从不认为“爱国主义”是个崇高的字眼。恰恰相反，在和平时期，聚集爱国主义大旗下的，不是卑鄙的政客，就是颠三倒四的疯子。
- 刘晓波
- 民族国家在与殖民主义格斗的同时却在某种程度上落入文化本质主义的视野。民族主义扼杀了各种本土差异，压抑了地方文学的多重可能，也化约了复数的地方文化传统。[1]
- 柳书琴
- 从历史观点来看，几乎所有挣脱威权枷锁的政治运动，无不诉诸民族主义来加温。在一定的历史阶段，恰当运用民族主义，必可带来正面价值；但是，过了特定的历史阶段，仍然还耽溺在过当的民族主义，反而成为政治运动的包袱。[2]
- 在健康的社会，民族主义与民主政治应该是等值的。任何违背民主精神的民族主义，就不是民族主义。[3]
- 陈芳明
来源
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