反民族主義
反民族主义一般是指对民族主义持批评态度的思想，出发点来自对民族主义的缺点的反思，逆向民族主义、国际主义、外族中心主义等都可能与反民族主义的思想有重合。
语录
[编辑]- A patriot must always be ready to defend his country against his government.
- 一個愛國者總是時刻準備反對政府、捍衛國家。
- 愛德華·艾比（Edward Abbey）
- It is the patriotic duty of every man to lie for his country.
- 為他的國家說謊是每一個愛國者的職責。
- 阿爾弗雷德·阿德勒（Alfred Adler）
- 愛國主義：名詞，一堆隨時可以被任何野心家所點燃，去照亮他的名字的易燃垃圾。在詹森博士著名的字典中，愛國主義被定義為無賴最後的避難所。帶著對這位開明但有缺陷的詞典編纂家應有的敬意，我斗膽認為愛國主義應該是無賴的第一個避難所。
- Patriotism, n. Combustible rubbish ready to the torch of any one ambitious to illuminate his name. In Dr. Johnson's famous dictionary patriotism is defined as the last resort of a scoundrel. With all due respect to an enlightened but inferior lexicographer I beg to submit it is the first.
- 安布羅斯·比爾斯（Ambrose Bierce）
- To make us love our country, our country ought to be lovely.
- 要讓我們愛我們的國家，我們的國家應該可愛才行。
- 埃德蒙·伯克（Edmund Burke）
- The love of one's country is a splendid thing, but why should love stop at the border?
- 對一個人的國家的愛是美好的事情，但為什麼愛要止於國界？
- 巴勃羅·卡薩爾斯（Pablo Casals）
- I realize that patriotism is not enough. I must have no hatred or bitterness towards anyone.
- 我認識到，愛國主義是不夠的，我還必須不對任何人心懷仇恨與抱怨。
- 艾迪斯·卡維爾（Edith Cavell）
- Nationalism is a Western bourgeois-capitalist phenomenon. It appears in Europe as the rejection of the medieval way of life - religion, a single European church, the Empire, the class organization of society. European nationalism is the same artificial and instrumental construction as other versions of Western ideologies. This is not an alternative to capitalist modernity, this is its direct product.
- Of course, liberalism more fully corresponds to the capitalist system and was originally conceived as globalism, that is, as the spread of the norms and attitudes of the bourgeois system to all mankind. This, incidentally, was well understood by the Marxists. Nationalism, on the other hand, was an intermediate stage when it was necessary to destroy the pan-European institutions of the Middle Ages - Catholicism, the Empire, the class organization of society, and offer something in return for the temporary preservation of the state, already captured by the bourgeois oligarchy. Not surprisingly, nationalism first appeared in Protestant countries, where, starting from Holland and England, we see all three main signs of emerging capitalism (anti-Church, anti-Empire, anti-hierarchy) -renunciation of Rome, fierce opposition to the Habsburgs and the transfer of initiative in the economy and politics from the aristocracy and the priesthood to the class of urban merchants.
- It was the bourgeois anti-traditional - anti-Catholic, anti-estate and anti-imperial - circles of European societies that became the main carriers of nationalism.
- ...
- In any case, nationalism is something purely modern, Western and capitalist.
- 民族主义是一种西方资产阶级—资本主义现象。它在欧洲的出现是对中世纪生活方式的否定——宗教、单一的欧洲教会、帝国、以及社会的等级组织。欧洲民族主义与其他西方意识形态的版本一样，都是一种人为的、工具性的构建。它不是资本主义现代性的替代品，而是其直接产物。
- 当然，自由主义与资本主义体系更加契合，最初也被设计为全球主义，即将资产阶级制度的规范和态度扩展到全人类。这一点马克思主义者也非常清楚。而民族主义则是一个过渡阶段，当时有必要摧毁中世纪的泛欧洲机构——天主教、帝国、社会的等级组织，并提供一些替代方案，暂时维持资产阶级寡头早所掌控国家的存在。不出所料，民族主义首先出现在新教国家，从荷兰和英国开始，我们看到三大资本主义兴起的主要特征（反教会、反帝国、反等级）——拒绝罗马，激烈反对哈布斯堡王朝，并将经济和政治的主导权从贵族和神职人员转移到城市商人阶级。
- 正是欧洲社会中那些资产阶级反传统——反天主教、反等级和反帝国的群体，成为了民族主义的主要载体。
- ……
- 无论如何，民族主义是纯粹现代、西方和资本主义的。
- 亚历山大·杜金（Алекса́ндр Ду́гин）
- Nationalism is an infantile disease. It is the measles of mankind.
- 民族主義是一種幼稚病，是人類的麻瘋病。
- 阿爾伯特·愛因斯坦（Albert Einstein）
- True patriotism doesn't exclude an understanding of the patriotism of others.
- 真正的愛國主義不排斥對於其他人的愛國主義的理解。
- 伊麗莎白二世（Queen Elizabeth II）
- Bu süreçte kimse bizim karşımıza Kürtlükle de Türklükle de çıkmasın. Biz her türlü milliyetçiliği, ayaklarının altına almış bir iktidarız.
- 在这一过程中，任何人都不应以库尔德人或土耳其人的身份与我们对抗。我们是一个将各种民族主义踩在脚下的政权。
- 雷杰普·塔伊普·埃尔多安（Recep Tayyip Erdoğan）
- The citizen who criticizes his country is paying it an implied tribute.
- 批評他的國家的公民是在含蓄地為國家作貢獻。
- J·威廉·傅爾布萊特（J. William Fulbright）
- Nationalism is our form of incest, is our idolatry, is our insanity. "Patriotism" is its cult. It should hardly be necessary to say, that by "patriotism" I mean that attitude which puts the own nation above humanity, above the principles of truth and justice; not the loving interest in one's own nation, which is the concern with the nation's spiritual as much as with its material welfare -- never with its power over other nations. Just as love for one individual which excludes the love for others is not love, love for one's country which is not part of one's love for humanity is not love, but idolatrous worship.
- 民族主義是一種亂倫、是偶像崇拜，是瘋狂。愛國主義則是這邪教的敬拜儀式。這應該不必講，愛國主義——我是說崇尚自己國家的人道精神，崇尚國家的真理和正義的紀律，而非盲目地愛著自己的國家，也就是有關這個國家的精神以及實質的社會福祉，絕非國家對其他國家的霸權。就像對一個人的愛意中包含著對別人的愛並不是愛，對國家的愛中不包含對人性的愛也不是愛，只是偶像崇拜。
- 埃里希·弗羅姆（Erich Fromm）
- Patriotism is the last refuge of a scoundrel.
- 愛國主義是無賴最後的避難所。
- 山繆·詹森（Samuel Johnson）
- Nationalism is an ideology which appeared in the West in the 18th century and was aimed at the replacement of empires by nation-states. The West used this new ideology as a violent poison to destroy the Ecumenical Ottoman Empire and beak it down into nation-states. It started in 1821 with the creation of Greece and ended in 1923 with the creation of Turkey. This Western imperialistic policy is known to historians as the Eastern Question. The Eastern Question is an exact repetition of the Western imperialistic policy against the Ecumenical Empire of Byzantium, from 1081 to 1204， the ancestor of the Ottoman Empire. As at the time nationalism did not exist, the West used religion to dismantle the Empire, i.e. the Roman Catholic Crusades against Islam and Christian Orthodoxy. The Fourth Crusade, in 1204, succeeded in dismantling the Byzantine Empire by destroying Constantinople and creating numerous independent states instead. Fortunately, with the help of the Byzantines, the Empire was reconstituted under the wise rule of the Fatih and the Ottomans in 1453.
- 民族主义是19世纪在西方出现的一种意识形态，旨在用民族国家取代帝国。西方使用这种新意识形态作为一种剧烈的毒药来摧毁普世奥斯曼帝国并将其分裂成民族国家。它始于1821年希腊的创建，以1923年土耳其的创建结束。西方这种帝国主义政策被称为“东方问题”。东方问题正是西方对拜占庭帝国的帝国主义政策的确切重复，从1081年到1204年，这是奥斯曼帝国的前身。由于当时民族主义尚未存在，西方利用宗教来解体帝国，即针对伊斯兰教和基督教东正教的罗马天主教十字军东征。1204年的第四次十字军东征成功地通过摧毁君士坦丁堡并取而代之创建了许多独立国家来解体拜占庭帝国。幸运的是，在拜占庭人的帮助下，帝国在1453年在法蒂赫和奥斯曼人的英明统治下得以重建。
- 德米特里·克兹科斯（Dimitri Kitsikis）
- Every country's nationals have to pay for their ruler, because they are held accountable to a considerable extent.
- 任何國家的國民都要為他們的統治者付出代價，因為那在相當程度上都是他們自己造成的。
- 伯納德·蒙哥馬利（Bernard Montgomery）
- Patriotism is the willingness to kill and be killed for trivial reasons.
- 愛國主義就是積極地為了微不足道的原因殺人並被殺。
- 伯特蘭·羅素（Bertrand Russell）
- Patriotism is a pernicious, psychopathic form of idiocy.
- 愛國主義是一種有害的、精神錯亂的白癡形式。
- 喬治·伯納德·蕭（George Bernard Shaw）
- Patriotism is your conviction that this country is superior to all other countries because you were born in it.
- 愛國主義就是你確信：這個國家比所有其他的國家都要出色，只因為你生於斯。
- 喬治·伯納德·蕭（George Bernard Shaw）
- You will never have a quiet world until you knock the patriotism out of the human race.
- 除非你把愛國主義從人類中驅逐出去，你將永遠不會擁有一個寧靜的世界。
- 喬治·伯納德·蕭（George Bernard Shaw）
- The world before nationalism and democracy was a world of mild wars, small and effective governments, personal freedom, and civilized high culture… Note that, before the coming of nationalist democracy, it was actually not a problem at all for wealthy, high-IQ people to live in the same society as poor, low-IQ people. It worked just fine. The latter served the former.
- 在民族主义和民主尚未兴起之前，那是一个战争较少、政府小而高效、个人自由和高度文明文化盛行的世界……请注意，在民族主义民主兴起之前，对于富有的、高智商的人群与贫穷的、低智商的人群生活在同一个社会中，这并不是一个问题。这种社会结构运作得相当顺畅。后者为前者服务。
- 柯蒂斯·雅文（Curtis Yarvin）
- A slave aware of his servitude and devoted to struggle is a hero, true man, and revolutionist.
- A slave ignorant of his servitude and living silently and submissively is an utter slave.
- A slave ignorant of his servitude and happy to admire his servitude is a flunky, accomplice, and shameless person.
- 意識到自己的奴隸地位而奮起作鬥爭的奴隸，是英雄、是好漢、是革命家；
- 未意識到自己的奴隸地位而默默無聞、昏昏噩噩生活著的奴隸，是十足的奴隸；
- 意識到自己的奴隸地位卻又津津樂道地讚美這種地位的奴隸，是奴才、是幫兇、是無恥之徒！
- 俄語諺語
- 现在有人对你们说：“牺牲你们个人的自由，去求国家的自由！”我对你们说：“争取个人的自由，就是争取国家的自由；争取个人的人格，就是争取国家的国格！自由平等的国家不是一群奴才建造得起来的！”
- 胡适
- 除非面對外族入侵帶來的主權領土的危機，否則的話，我從不認為「愛國主義」是個崇高的字眼。恰恰相反，在和平時期，聚集愛國主義大旗下的，不是卑鄙的政客，就是顛三倒四的瘋子。
- 劉曉波
- 民族國家在與殖民主義格鬥的同時卻在某種程度上落入文化本質主義的視野。民族主義扼殺了各種本土差異，壓抑了地方文學的多重可能，也化約了複數的地方文化傳統。[1]
- 柳書琴
- 從歷史觀點來看，幾乎所有掙脫威權枷鎖的政治運動，無不訴諸民族主義來加溫。在一定的歷史階段，恰當運用民族主義，必可帶來正面價值；但是，過了特定的歷史階段，仍然還耽溺在過當的民族主義，反而成為政治運動的包袱。[2]
- 在健康的社會，民族主義與民主政治應該是等值的。任何違背民主精神的民族主義，就不是民族主義。[3]
- 陳芳明
来源
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